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A big"What If?" regarding Henry's tact
April 8, 2010
12:38 am
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miladyblue
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I am still getting up to speed on the forum here – and let me tell you folks, I love all of you so far! – especially considering the passion evidenced in all of the debates.

It seems to me, that most of Henry's problems with Katharine was his ill-mannered abruptness – he did not take her true feelings into consideration, and, he insulted her pride as a Spanish Infanta. What if his choice of words had been different when he told Katharine their marriage was over? The way the annulment was worded was insensitive and insulting to her.  The marriage was “incestuous” and “unlawful in the eyes of God,” which made Mary a “bastard.”

Katharine was deeply and passionately in love with Henry. She stated her marriage to him was true, because she did not consummate her marriage with Arthur – considering her religious piety, which was coupled with a strong sense of honor, there does not seem to be room for doubt that she was, as she stated, “without touch of man” when she married him.

The “dreaded Spanish pride” that was frowned upon in Philip II years later, was definitely present in Katharine herself, and why not? She was a Spanish Infanta, who had a lot of responsibility and image for her position drilled into her from a very young age.  In addition, if it had been Henry in the same position, he would have been guilty of the “dreaded English pride” because while his claim to the English throne was shakier because of the circumstances of his family history, he was still a sovereign King, proud of his country and his kingship. Katharine represented the best of the Spanish people, and was equally proud of her native country and the rulership there, as well as her adopted people and country, too. Otherwise, she probably would have taken Chapuys and others up on their offer of military assistance or provoking armed uprisings amongst her English supporters.

Katharine took advantage of her family and subsequent political connections – primarily her nephew Charles V, who was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, who had captured Rome and was holding the Pope as a virtual hostage. Then, too, there was her former sister in law, Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands for Charles, who was her good friend, and a valuable connection for her as well. Finally, Katharine had inherited her mother's intelligence and tenacity, and fought Henry tooth and nail over the annullment, which would have cast her aside as nothing.

BUT, if Henry had really been thinking hard about her feelings for him, her pride as a Spanish Infanta, her connections, her protectiveness not only of Mary's place in the succession, Mary's legitimacy, and as she later feared, Mary's life, things would have turned out QUITE differently, don't you think?

I have no idea what title he could have offered a former wife – she might have lost the title of Queen Consort, but if he could have figured out a decent title to take into account her royal rank, and proper place as the mother of a legitimate heiress to the throne many things would have changed. Since I have no skill in using Tudor era verbiage, here is my attempt at Henry trying to frame a divorce request to Katharine that would have been much different:

“Katharine, I love you and our beautiful Mary dearly. But the continuation of my family line troubles me. I am the last male survivor, and should I die without male issue, the Tudor name dies with me. Sadly, God has taken our sons from us, and has not seen fit to bless us with more sons. I am requesting a divorce, that I may continue the direct Tudor line – Mary will remain a true Princess of England, to give way only to a male heir.”

This, of course, is not complete. If anyone else here would like to re-write this, or add other relevent portions to it, please, be my guest! Cool

Henry broke the news to Katharine, and how rudely and abruptly he did it – it must have been a terrible shock to her anyway, that he was contemplating ending their marriage – to suddenly refer to what she believed to be a blessed, loving union to a sinfully incestuous assignation, and their precious surviving child as a bastard must have come close to making her physically ill, especially considering Henry was a skillful courtier and did have diplomatic credentials as King. I assume he could have qualified as a diplomat, because even without foreign relations, Henry must have had to be able to smooth over disagreements amongst his subjects or he would not have been able to hold onto his throne. Killing everyone who disagreed with him would have left him with a mighty small kingdom in the end.

There are a lot of ramifications to an intelligent usage of tact on Henry's part:

  1. Katharine would have agreed to the divorce.
  2. No break with Rome, or need to break with Rome.
  3. Henry and Anne could have married without as much fuss as they did endure.
  4. Many people who disliked the annullment could have kept their heads. (Thomas More, Bishop John Fisher…)
  5. No foreign threats to England from Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.

On the other hand, we would not have had the colorful historic drama we ended up with. Of course, knowing Anne, something colorful would have come about.

April 8, 2010
7:06 am
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HannahL
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I think you have a really good point.  Katharine may very well have agreed if this were how Henry had presented the case.  But she was a very proud woman, so who knows?  I've seen some accounts of Henry being gentle at first and then more forceful when Katharine resisted.  I also think perhaps Henry knew that if he were too soft with Katharine, she would cry and plead and convince him to stay married to her.  He may have chosen to sacrifice his loving marriage for a male heir. 

April 8, 2010
8:37 am
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Impish_Impulse
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I think Henry was too used to having his own way, and he seems to me to have had a habit of escalating the nastiness quickly whenever he encountered resistance. Katharine had every right to her pride – when marriage was first proposed between her and Arthur, she was considered quite a catch for England's heir. England was still very much a struggling, non-entity just coming out of years of dynastic wrangling. To be cast aside as a nothing some 20 years later was a huge slap in the face to her.

And she truly believed God had given her Henry and it was her God-given destiny to be Queen of England. She was popular with the people and genuinely took them to be her responsibility to protect, as evidenced by her refusing military interventions from her allies over the annulment.

Besides, what grounds could Henry have used that wouldn't have declared her marriage unlawful from the start? Even keeping Mary in the succession wouldn't erase the stigma of being cast aside for whatever reason. “Whom God hath joined together, let no man put asunder.” I think Katharine believed Henry had no authority to put her aside.

But, yeah, Henry definitely made things worse by his behavior and approach to her.

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          Ring the bell and run. He hates that."    

April 8, 2010
10:56 am
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Sharon
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miladyblue, everything you said is true, and if we were talking about a reasonable man, all of it might have played out the way you have written it. However, we are talking about Henry VIII.  Reason is out the window.  He was ruthless.  When Henry wanted something, he went about taking it in any way he could.   Yes, he could be diplomatic as long as he got what he wanted. And he really wanted a divorce from Katherine. 

I'm not so sure Katherine was at all willing to listen to reason, either.  You are right she was a proud Spanish Infanta.   There is a saying, however, “pride goeth before the fall.”  She could have saved herself, and especially her daughter, a lot of grief by agreeing to a divorce.  She thought she was doing the right thing and by her actions she stirred Henry's wrath.  Never a good thing.

I cannot see Katherine accepting any other title other than Queen.  The pride thing again.  Sister would never have worked as it did with Anne of Cleves.  Not even princess would have worked.  For Katherine anything less than Queen would have been an insult. (and rightly so)

Here we have two people who were thrown together by destiny.  Both strong willed, prideful, and stubborn.  Neither one willing to give ground to the other.  The fact that they were both destroying others (Mary, More, Fisher, and quite probably Anne) did not deter them from the paths they chose to follow.  Sad.

April 8, 2010
4:16 pm
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Impish_Impulse
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Agree with all of that, Sharon. Those two were going to butt heads and probably still are!

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          Ring the bell and run. He hates that."    

April 8, 2010
5:17 pm
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Sabrina
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If Henry had handled himself in a more “gentleman-like manner”, I'm not sure if Katherine would have given in. She was told all of her life that she would be Queen of England. She lost Arthur, and I don't think she was going to let Henry go, no matter how nice he was to her. I think he would've worked with her, and made her life comfortable like he did with Anne of Cleves, but she wasn't going to have any of that. I think it would've worked in her favor if she had worked with Henry, but I don't think she could bear losing both of her husbands, and her status.

As in regards to Mary, it disgusts me how he handled her. She was his daughter, and should've been treated as such. He acted like a spoiled child.

Let not my enemies sit as my jury

April 8, 2010
6:13 pm
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Bella44
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How he treated Mary was just despicable in my book.  He couldn't even be tactful towards his own children – unless they were male.  But it was symptomatic of the times and Henry was the rule rather than the exception when it came to female family members.  Women, unfortunately, were treated as second-class citizens no matter how high born.  And if Katherine wasn't prepared to be meek and accepting as a good wife should – then so be it.

I hope Mary and Katherine are giving him hell right now! 

April 10, 2010
3:39 am
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Claire
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I don't believe it would have made any difference. I think Katherine would have appreciated Henry being more tactful and would have understood his motivations if he put it to her like that, but her faith would have got in the way. Katherine did not believe their union could be dissolved. They had been married before God and that union could only be broken by death. There is no way that she could agree to the annulment of this union, a huge sin, and give her blessing to Henry marrying someone else and being a bigamist and adulterer. She had to stand by her beliefs and try and protect Henry too. We can see from her final letter to Henry that she was still worrying about him and his actions, truly worrying about his soul:-

“My most dear lord, king and husband,

the hour of my dear now drawing on, the tender love I owe you forceth me, my case being such, to commend myself to you, and to put you in remembrance with a few words of the health and safeguard of your soul which you ought to prefer before all worldly matters, and before the care and pampering of your body, for the which you have cast me into many calamities and yourself into many troubles. For my part I pardon you everything and I wish to devoutly pray to God that He will pardon you also.”

However Henry had acted, however considerate and tactful, she would not have given her blessing to such a sin.

I do wish that Henry had been more tactful and caring though and I hope he was overcome with guilt when he read that final farewell letter. He had loved Katherine and I wish he had remembered that and treated her and Mary with kindness and courtesy. I think he was just so caught up in “the moment”, just couldn't understand why they could not see that he had to do what a King had to do. They had to be punished for their rebellious behaviour. A tragedy that Henry just couldn't see things from their perspective and show them love and compassion.

Debunking the myths about Anne Boleyn

April 10, 2010
6:47 pm
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miladyblue
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Hannah:

Good point. I have heard more than one guy complaining about arguing with his girlfriend or wife that tears were unfair, or emotional blackmail.

Katharine was indeed a proud woman – the daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand, who had accomplished so much in their time as monarchs of what is now the unified Spain. She had a long history of great achievements to look back on, and in addition, she had been raised, probably since the day she was born, to be a representative of that long history, and to hold her head up.

Impish Impulse:

Yep, Henry struck me, in every account I have read of him when the whole “Great Matter” started, as a spoiled brat. On the other hand, he was KING, the highest authority in England under God. Other than God, who had the authority to tell him no? Who else could take him to task about his behavior? Certainly not a “mere woman” even though that “mere woman” was his own wife of twenty something years.

I agree, too, that Katharine had every right to her pride; she was born of a powerful, effective royal house. Henry, however, could not see past his own pride to understand this, I don't think.

Sharon:

“Reasonable Man” and “King Henry VIII” might just be another oxymoron to add to the list, up there with “Jumbo Shrimp” and “Government Work.”

The very qualities that drew them together in the first place – their religious piety, their royal heritage, their proper behavior (due to pride) now worked so heavily against them in this “Great Matter.” Unfortunately, Henry and Katharine were too much alike in this case. Had their roles been reversed, I honestly don't think Henry would have behaved any differently, in thwarting Katharine's attempts to divorce him by any means.

I loved this statement by Karen Lindsay regarding Katharine of Aragon:

“If Katharine of Aragon had been the first, rather than fifth daughter, she might be remembered, not as the discarded consort of a marriage addicted King, but as the powerful Queen Regnant of Spain, following in the footsteps of her formidable mother and altering the course of sixteenth century history. Unlike her sister Juana, who was cheated out of the throne, Katharine had much of Isabella's steely purposefulness and intellect.”

Sabrina:

You are probably right – along with the others – that more gentlemanly behavior on Henry's part might would not have made much of a difference. Katharine saw marriage as a holy sacrament, and something that could only be put asunder by death or direct order of God Himself. There was also the matter of pride, that she, a Spanish Infanta, was not going to step aside quietly, especially in favor of an upstart social climber – not my view of Anne Boleyn, but it may very well have been how she was seen by Katharine and her supporters.

The difference in the outcomes of the lives of Katharine of Aragon and Anne of Cleves, however, lay in the fact that Katharine truly and deeply loved Henry, where Anne did not.

But you make an excellent point – to judge by his behavior when Anne of Cleves allowed the divorce proceedings to go ahead without impediment, he probably would have maintained a very good relationship with Katharine.

I think we all agree, however, that his treatment of Mary was beneath contempt. Mary, like many children caught in the middle of a rancorous divorce, suffered terribly. She loved her mum and dad, and did not want to take sides. How do you tear your own heart in two? The whole thing “unlawful marriage” and bastardy, too, would have been a terrible blow to Mary's own pride, especially considering, up to this point in her life, Henry had doted upon her, and she had been raised to be a proud Princess of England, daughter of Henry and Katharine, granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, as well as granddaughter of Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain.

Bella:

No peace for Henry from all the wives and kids? Even more fitting than sending him to hell.

Claire:

It's interesting, thinking about what you are writing here, about Katharine not wanting to agree to this divorce, which would make him a bigamist and adulterer.

She was older than Henry by about six years, and had to recognize that he was immature. Could it have been that she felt protective of him, not only as a wife, but also in kind of a motherly fashion? After all, he lost his mother, and was still in need of the guidance of someone who looked out for his greater welfare to protect him from himself and those who might take advantage of his immaturity. She was also, obviously, concerned not only for his physical wellbeing, but also for his immortal soul.

I cannot read that last letter from Katharine to Henry without getting misty eyed. She summed herself up very neatly, and without any anger at the treatment she received from Henry. The very last line itself is making me weepy as I put it down here:

“Lastly, I make this vow, that mine eyes desire you above all others.

Katharine, Queen of England.”

I hope he was physically ill when he read that letter, realizing that he he had been a TOTAL bastard to her and Mary – bastard in the sense of a mean spirited, unpleasant person. To judge by how it took Jane Seymour's influence to get him to even acknowledge Mary again, I would say he probably did not.

****************************

Fellow members, wow, I love this topic! I am so glad to have been able to talk to you about this. This was, as stated, a “What If” – oh, if only it were possible to have some sort of way to go back in time and advise Henry on some things, especially considering how he is viewed today. LOL, I wonder if he would try a different tack with Katharine, if he saw that the world now sees him as nothing but a bloated, tyrannical misogynist?

April 10, 2010
8:19 pm
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Impish_Impulse
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miladyblue said:

Had their roles been reversed, I honestly don't think Henry would have behaved any differently, in thwarting Katharine's attempts to divorce him by any means.

LOL, I wonder if he would try a different tack with Katharine, if he saw that the world now sees him as nothing but a bloated, tyrannical misogynist?


Wow, I had never even considered that! And, yes, I think he would have fought her tooth and nail. How ironic is that?

I think he'd just be angry and genuinely hurt, people! that we've so misunderstood him. Poor baby. Not.

PS – I love this topic, too!

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          Ring the bell and run. He hates that."    

April 11, 2010
8:57 am
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Claire
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Impish_Impulse said:


Wow, I had never even considered that! And, yes, I think he would have fought her tooth and nail. How ironic is that?

I think he'd just be angry and genuinely hurt, people! that we've so misunderstood him. Poor baby. Not.

PS – I love this topic, too!


Yes, can't you hear him rattling his chains in anger and frustration that we have misunderstood him?! It is hard to get in the mind of someone who lived so long ago and who had a life so completely different to our own but human nature doesn't really change does it? I really want to try and understand Henry and I wonder if he just had a God complex and just couldn't understand why people just didn't fit into his ideals and behave the way he wanted them to and ordered them to. Jonathan Rhys Meyers spoke of Henry's vanity, ego and how “absolute power corrupts absolutely”. Imagine people telling you what you want to hear all the time and doing what you want and then imagine someone rebelling against that, Henry was not used to Catherine defying him, he was not used to anyone defying him.

Debunking the myths about Anne Boleyn

April 11, 2010
1:48 pm
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HannahL
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I have such mixed feelings for Henry.  I think he was a brilliant man who tried to rule with his head and do the best for England, but he could never quite overcome his heart and emotions, and his different thoughts had more and more trouble coexisting.

April 14, 2010
1:24 pm
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Sharon
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If he had a heart, HannahL. 

 I think his heart was as black (metaphorically speaking) as Katherine's was upon her death.  I just cannot give this man credit for his deeds.  I hate to wax philosophical here, but what is important in life, at least to me, is how we as individuals treat other people. What Henry did to all of his wives and many of his friend, was unforgivable.  He could be Bluff King Henry to the populace, but he was not a good person.  He was a spoiled brat with the power to kill anyone he thought had wronged him.  I'm not talking about what he did as King.  I'm talking about his character, his personality, the heart of the man.  He was the one with the mistresses, and yet he killed two of his wives for allegedly taking lovers.  (at least one of which was framed and he knew it)  Quite the hypocrite.  Not a good man. 

As far as how the world sees him today and what he would think about it….He'd probably send us all to the block. The nerve of us NOT thinking he was the greatest person who ever walked this earth.

God complex for sure.  Trying to understand Henry…complicated.  Not liking him so far…not that hard for me.

April 15, 2010
6:07 am
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HannahL
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Sharon- Haha, I don't blame you!

I personally think that (and this may be stating the obvious!) Henry had some severe psychological problems.  Maybe bipolar disorder or multiple personalities? I would seriously like to read about historians' theories on this.

November 3, 2010
9:59 pm
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MegC
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I sometimes wonder if KoA wasn't attempting a form of martyrdom by being as stubborn as she was about the whole situation.  I say this because martyrs sometimes have a single-minded purpose and nothing can stray them from that path.  Nothing was going to convince Katherine to relinquish her titles and home willingly, and it didn't matter how angry Henry got.  I wonder if she didn't eventually decide that if she was going to go down, then she was going to go down hard and I just think that's sad because I think we all know how much easier her life could have been and she probably could have negotiated being able to live with Mary, but she just didn't.

"We mustn't let our passions destroy our dreams…"

November 4, 2010
11:46 am
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Bella44
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I agree with you Meg, I can totally see Katherine having something of a martyr like complex.  Of course she didn't know what we know and couldn't see the far reaching implications of her stubbornness, she was just trying to do what she thought was right and to do what was best for her daughter.  It may even have come as a bit of a shock that Henry could be so cruel to his own family and especially Mary whom he had, up until the divorce, pretty much adored.  I also think Henry didn't have the first clue about her real strength of character!

I'm looking forward to getting my hands on the new Giles Tremlett biography on Katherine and hope it goes into detail about her childhood in Spain, which has always seemed rather exotic to me  Smile

November 4, 2010
12:28 pm
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Sharon
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To us it may seem as if Katherine had a martyrdom complex.  She was a true believer in the Catholic faith.  She and Henry had vowed before God to be husband and wife forever.  She would never have damned her soul by allowing a man-made divorce to take place.  Nor would she ever consider breaking a vow she had made to God. In the end she was worried about Henry's soul.  After reading her letter, they say he cried.  I think he was crying because he thought she might be right.

Bella, I agree with you.  I think Katherine was shocked at how cruelly Henry was treating her, and especially Mary.  As much as we think she should have compromised for Mary's sake, we must realize that she just could not do that. Her belief in her faith was too strong.  She would have believed she was putting her immortal soul in danger, and there was no way she was going to do that.

November 4, 2010
2:20 pm
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Impish_Impulse
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I have to agree with you, Sharon. I think it's a mistake to think historical figures would think like us, or value the same things we do. To our modern minds, it may seem better to compromise and make the best of a bad situation, but Katharine didn't see it that way. She would have felt she was damning her soul, or even contributing to Henry damning his, if she had shrugged her shoulders and let him leave her for someone else. Life was hard, brutal, and often short. It was the afterlife that mattered. All the hardships and heartbreaks here were shaping them for their eternal fate. The Bible even says not to consider this world our home; that we are only sojourners here until we reach our 'true' home in the afterlife.

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          Ring the bell and run. He hates that."    

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